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Pinus clausa |
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Family: Pinaceae |
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Sand Pine |
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The genus Pinus is composed of about
100 species native to temperate and tropical regions of the world. Wood of pine
can be separated microscopically into the white, red and yellow pine groups.
The word pinus
is the classical Latin name. The word clausa means
"closed", referring to the cones being closed for several years
before releasing seeds (in some populations of this species).
Other Common
Names:
Alabama pijn, Alabama pine, Alabama tall, Florida spruce pine, northern sand
pine, oldfield pine, pin d'Alabama, pino de Alabama, pino di Alabama, sand
pine, scrub pine, southern sand pine, spruce pine, upland spruce pine.
Distribution: Sand pine is native to
northeastern to southern Florida and in northwestern Florida and extreme
southern Alabama.
The Tree: Sand pine trees can
reach heights of 80 feet, with diameters of 2 feet. The record tree in Florida
is 103 feet tall, with a diameter of 2 feet. Most trees are small and shrubby,
growing to only 15-20 feet.
General Wood
Characteristics:
As sand pine is normally a small shrubby tree, no general information about the
wood is available at this time.
Mechanical
Properties (2-inch standard)
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Compression |
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Specific gravity |
MOE x106 lbf/in2 |
MOR lbf/in2 |
Parallel lbf/in2 |
Perpendicular lbf/in2 |
WMLa in-lbf/in3 |
Hardness lbf |
Shear lbf/in2 |
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Green |
0.46 |
1.02 |
7500 |
3440 |
450 |
9.6 |
480 |
1140 |
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Dry |
0.51 |
1.41 |
11600 |
6920 |
840 |
9.6 |
730 |
1100 |
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aWML = Work to maximum load.
Reference (56, 153). |
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Drying and
Shrinkage
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Type of shrinkage |
Percentage of
shrinkage |
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0% MC |
6% MC |
20% MC |
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Tangential |
7.3 |
NA |
NA |
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Radial |
3.9 |
NA |
NA |
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Volumetric |
10.0 |
NA |
NA |
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References: (153). |
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Kiln drying
schedules:
No information available at this time.
??
Working
Properties: No
information available at this time.
Durability: No information available
at this time.
Preservation:
No
information available at this time.
Uses: Used locally for sand
retention and as a fuel wood.
Toxicity: In general, working
with pine wood may cause dermatitis, allergic bronchial asthma or rhinitis in
some individuals (5, 8 & 10).
Additional
Reading and References Cited (in parentheses)
1. Brendemuehl,
R. H. Pinus
clausa
(Chapm. ex Engelm.) Vasey ex Sarg. Sand Pine. in: Burns, R. M. and Honkala, B.
H., tech. coords. Silvics of North America. Volume 1, Conifers. Washington, DC:
USDA Forest Service; 1990; pp. 294-301.
2. Cooper, R.
W.; Schopmeyer, C. S., and McGregor, W. H. D. Sand pine regeneration on the
Ocala National Forest. Washington, DC, USA: USDA Forest Service, Production
Research Report No. 30; 1959.
3. Dallimore,
W.; Jackson, A. B., and Harrison, S. G. A handbook of Coniferae and
Ginkgoaceae. London, UK: Edward Arnold Ltd.; 1966.
4. Elias, T. S.
The complete trees of North America, field guide and natural history. New York,
NY: van Nostrand Reinhold Co.; 1980.
5. Hausen, B. M.
Woods injurious to human health. A manual. New York, NY: Walter de Gruyter;
1981.
6. Little, Jr.
E. L. Checklist of United States Trees (Native and Naturalized). Washington,
D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, USDA, Forest Service, Agriculture
Handbook No. 541; 1979.
7. Markwardt, L.
J. and Wilson, T. R. C. Strength and related properties of woods grown in the
United States. Washington, DC: USGPO, USDA Forest Service, Tech. Bull. No. 479;
1935.
8. Mitchell, J.
and Rook, A. Botanical dermatology: plants and plant products injurious to the
skin. Vancouver, BC: Greenglass Ltd.; 1979.
9. USDA. Wood
handbook: wood as an engineering material. Madison, WI: USDA Forest Service,
FPL Ag. Handbook No. 72; 1974.
10. Woods, B.
and Calnan, C. D. Toxic woods. British Journal of Dermatology. 1976;
95(13):1-97.